Sounds like you've stumbled into Zoom mode, one of the Accessability features.
Try double taping on the screen with three fingers to exit Zoom mode. You can also drag the screen view around with three fingers in this mode.
But you probably just want to turn it off.
Go into Settings >> General >> Accessibility to turn the various features on/off. If you tap on each one it will give you an idea of what it does and what gestures it uses.