Looks like it should be possible. Go to Toodledo on the web, select the Tools menu and More. One of the options is to configure import/export via email. Besides creating a new ToDo with the subject line it says you can use special syntax to enter notes (and other info) as well. That might mean editing your note slightly either before you email it, or in the body of the email before sending, but I see no reason it shouldn't work.
If you had not noticed, you can email your notes from within the app.
I personally prefer the Evernote app to the built in iOS one. It is more versatile and you can get to the notes from almost anywhere. You can email notes from and to Evernote also, so it should work with Toodledo by this method as well.
Though I have Toodledo, I have not tried this myself. If you try it please let us know how it works.