I don’t know of one. I use Overcast, which has smart playlists, but that doesn’t sound like what you are after. There are several podcast related actions in the Shortcuts app that might help do what you want. There is a bit of learning to do to make your own shortcuts, but it’s not that hard. You can find some example shortcuts on the MacStories site, including several for podcasts that work with Apple’s app and Overcast.
Below, the shortcut I whipped together searches for podcasts, lets you chose from the results, then lets you choose from episodes, and plays them. You have to use the Control Panel for pause/play/skip controls. Not a great solution, but it shows at least a basic ability to automate searches.