The Calendar app searches back as far as it has data. If you are syncing with iCloud, make sure you've to it set to Sync All Events under Settings > Mail, Contacts, Calendars. The list shows up in a scrollable window under the search bar. There is no way to save it off as a text list or anything. You will either have to write it down manually, or take a series of screen shots.
There is no search feature (that I can find) at the icloud.com site.
If you have an iMac and use the iCal program (synced with iCloud) it is possible to generate and copy a list that way.