The cathedral was begun in 1160 and largely completed by 1260, though it was modified frequently in the following centuries. In the 1790s, Notre-Dame suffered
desecration during the
French Revolution when much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. Soon after the publication of
Victor Hugo's novel
The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1831, popular interest in the building revived. A major
restoration project supervised by
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc began in 1845 and continued for twenty-five years. Beginning in 1963, the facade of the cathedral was cleaned of centuries of soot and grime, returning it to its original color. Another campaign of cleaning and restoration was carried out from 1991–2000. (
Source)