See how the URL/address bar text is highlighted. You are in edit mode. The keyboard shows up because it’s ready to enter text. This is normal. Tapping on the address bar will always do this.
It is possible to (not tap) but simply place your finger on the address bar and hold it there until a menu shows up. This is what I was talking about.
The window with your favorites is something I’ve never seen before. I’ll have to search through Safari’s settings and see if I can figure out where it comes from. I wonder if it is an extention, though I don’t know how you would get it without knowing you’d added it.
If you close all your open tabs the screen with your favourites shows up. It works that way I’m my devices.